한국어
中文Mu myaka yashize, uburyo bwo kubaka TRD bwakoreshejwe cyane mu Bushinwa, kandi ikoreshwa mu bibuga by’indege, kubungabunga amazi, gari ya moshi ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa remezo nabyo biriyongera.Hano, tuzaganira ku ngingo zingenzi zubuhanga bwubwubatsi bwa TRD dukoresheje Umuyoboro wa Xiongan mu gice cyo munsi yubutaka bwa Xiongan Agace gashya ka Xiongan Xin Umuhanda wihuta wihuta nkinyuma.Kandi ikoreshwa ryayo mukarere ka ruguru.Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana ko uburyo bwubwubatsi bwa TRD bufite ubwiza bwurukuta kandi bunoze bwo kubaka, bushobora kuzuza ibisabwa byubwubatsi.Uburyo bunini bwo gukoresha uburyo bwo kubaka TRD muri uyu mushinga burerekana kandi ko hakoreshwa uburyo bwo kubaka TRD mukarere ka majyaruguru., gutanga ibisobanuro byinshi byubwubatsi bwa TRD mukarere ka majyaruguru.
1. Incamake yumushinga
Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi wihuta wa Xiongan-Sinayi uherereye mu gice cyo hagati cy’Ubushinwa, ukorera mu ntara za Hebei na Shanxi.Igenda hafi yerekeza iburasirazuba-uburengerazuba.Uyu murongo utangirira kuri Sitasiyo ya Xiongan mu Karere ka Xiongan mu burasirazuba ukarangirira kuri Xinzhou West Station ya Daxi Gari ya moshi mu burengerazuba.Binyura mu Karere ka Xiongan, Umujyi wa Baoding, n'Umujyi wa Xinzhou., kandi ihujwe na Taiyuan, umurwa mukuru w'Intara ya Shanxi, unyuze muri Express ya Passenger Express.Uburebure bwumurongo mushya wubatswe ni 342.661km.Ni umuyoboro w'ingenzi utambitse kuri gari ya moshi yihuta yo gutwara abantu mu bice "bine bihagaritse na bibiri bitambitse" byo mu gace ka Xiongan, kandi ni na "Gahunda ya Gariyamoshi yo Hagati n'iy'igihe kirekire" "Umunani Uhagaritse n'umunani Horizontal "umuyoboro wa gari ya moshi wihuta ni igice cy'ingenzi cya koridor ya Beijing-Kunming, kandi iyubakwa ryayo rifite akamaro kanini mu kuzamura umuhanda.
Hano haribice byinshi byo gutanga isoko muri uyu mushinga.Hano dufata isoko rya 1 nkurugero rwo kuganira kubijyanye no kubaka TRD.Ingano yo kubaka iki gice cyamasoko ni ubwinjiriro bwumuhanda mushya wa Xiongan (Igice cya 1) giherereye mu Mudugudu wa Gaoxiaowang, Intara ya Rongcheng, Umujyi wa Baoding.Umurongo utangirira Kunyura hagati yumudugudu.Nyuma yo kuva mu mudugudu, iramanuka i Baigou kugira ngo iyobore uruzi, hanyuma ikomeza kuva mu majyepfo ya Guocun kugera iburengerazuba.Impera yuburengerazuba ihujwe na Sitasiyo ya Xiongan.Intangiriro no kurangiza mileage ya tunnel ni Xiongbao DK119 + 800 ~ Xiongbao DK123 + 050.Uyu muyoboro uherereye i Baoding Umujyi ni 3160m mu Ntara ya Rongcheng na 4340m mu Ntara ya Anxin.
2. Incamake yuburyo bwa TRD
Muri uyu mushinga, urukuta rwa sima-ivanga urukuta rwuburinganire buringaniye rufite uburebure bwurukuta rwa 26m ~ 44m, uburebure bwurukuta bwa 800mm, hamwe na metero kare yose hamwe ingana na metero kare 650.000.
Urukuta rwa sima-ivanga urukuta rwuburinganire buringaniye bikozwe muri P.O42.5 sima isanzwe ya Portland, ibirimo sima ntabwo biri munsi ya 25%, naho igipimo cyamazi-sima ni 1.0 ~ 1.5.
Gutandukana kwurukuta rwa sima-yubutaka buvanze urukuta rwuburinganire bungana ntibushobora kurenza 1/300, gutandukana kwurukuta ntigushobora kurenza + 20mm ~ -50mm (gutandukana murwobo nibyiza), ubujyakuzimu bwurukuta gutandukana ntibishobora kurenza 50mm, kandi uburebure bwurukuta ntibugomba kuba munsi yuburebure bwurukuta rwabugenewe, gutandukana kugenzurwa kuri 0 ~ -20mm (kugenzura ubunini butandukanijwe bwikarito yo gutema).
Agaciro gasanzwe kimbaraga zogusunika zidafite imbaraga zivanze na sima-ivanga urukuta rwubunini bungana nyuma yiminsi 28 yo gucukura intoki ntiruri munsi ya 0.8MPa, kandi coefficente yurukuta ntirurenza 10-7cm / s.
Uburinganire buringaniye bwa sima-ivanga ubutaka bifata inzira yintambwe eshatu (nukuvuga ubucukuzi bwa mbere, gucukura umwiherero, no kuvanga urukuta).Nyuma yo gucukurwa no kurekurwa, gutera no kuvanga noneho bigakorwa kugirango urukuta rukomere.
Nyuma yo kuvanga urukuta rwa sima nubutaka buvanze nuburinganire buringaniye birangiye, intera yisanduku yo gutema iraterwa kandi ikavangwa mugihe cyo guterura agasanduku ko gutema kugirango umwanya ufitwe nagasanduku ukata wuzuye kandi ushimangirwa neza. gukumira ingaruka mbi kurukuta rwikigereranyo..
3. Imiterere ya geologiya
Imiterere ya geologiya
Ibice byerekanwe hejuru yubuso bushya bwa Xiongan hamwe nuduce tumwe na tumwe ni Quaternary irekuye.Ubunini bwimyanda ya Quaternary muri rusange ni metero 300, kandi ubwoko bwimiterere ni alluvial.
(1) Kuranga sisitemu nshya (Q₄)
Ubusanzwe hasi ya Holocene yashyinguwe muri metero 7 kugeza kuri 12 zubujyakuzimu kandi ahanini ni ububiko bwa alluvial.Hejuru ya 0.4 ~ 8m ni shyashya ryibumba ryibumba ryibumba, sili, nibumba, cyane cyane imvi kugeza imvi-umukara n'umuhondo-umukara;lithologiya yo murwego rwo hasi ni ibumba rusange ryubutaka bwibumba, sili, nibumba, hamwe nibice bimwe birimo umucanga mwiza wubucucike hamwe nuburyo bwo hagati.Igice cyumucanga kibaho cyane muburyo bwa lens, kandi ibara ryubutaka ahanini ni umuhondo-umukara kugeza umukara-umuhondo.
(2) Kuvugurura sisitemu (Q₃)
Ubujyakuzimu bwa etage ya Pleistocene yo hejuru muri metero 50 kugeza kuri 60.Nububiko bwa alluvial.Lithologiya ahanini ni ibumba ryubusa, sili, ibumba, umucanga mwiza wumucanga n'umucanga wo hagati.Ubutaka bwibumba buragoye kuri plastiki., ubutaka bwumucanga buringaniye-buringaniye, kandi ubutaka ni imvi-umuhondo-umukara.
(3) Sisitemu yo hagati ya Pleistocene (Q₂)
Ubujyakuzimu bwa etage ya Pleistocene hagati ni metero 70 kugeza 100.Igizwe ahanini nibumba rya alluvial silty ibumba, ibumba, ibumba ryibumba, umucanga mwiza wumucanga, numucanga wo hagati.Ubutaka bwibumba buragoye kuri plastiki, nubutaka bwumucanga buri muburyo bwuzuye.Ubutaka ahanini ni umuhondo-umukara, umukara-umuhondo, umutuku-umutuku, na tan.
(4) Uburebure ntarengwa bwiburasirazuba bwubutaka bwubutaka kumurongo ni 0,6m.
.shingiro ryibanze ryihuta ryibisubizo biranga ibihe byagabanijwe ni 0.40s.
2. Imiterere ya Hydrogeologiya
Ubwoko bwamazi yubutaka agira uruhare mubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwuru rubuga harimo ahanini amazi yubutaka mu butaka butaremereye, amazi afunze gato mu butaka bwo hagati bwa silty hagati, hamwe n’amazi afungiye mu butaka bwimbitse bwumucanga.Dukurikije raporo za geologiya, ibiranga ikwirakwizwa ryubwoko butandukanye bw’amazi ni aya akurikira:
(1) Amazi yo hejuru
Amazi yo hejuru aturuka cyane cyane kumugezi wa Baigou diverion (igice cyumugezi wegereye umuyoboro wuzuyemo ubutayu, umurima wumukandara nicyatsi kibisi), kandi ntamazi mumazi ya Pinghe mugihe cyubushakashatsi.
(2) Kwibira
Umuyoboro wa Xiongan (Igice cya 1): Yakwirakwijwe hafi yubuso, cyane cyane uboneka mu gipimo gito ②51, igicucu cya 511, ④21 icyondo cyibumba, ②7, ⑤1 igicucu cyumucanga mwiza, na ⑤2 umusenyi wo hagati.②7.Umucanga mwiza wumucanga muri ⑤1 hamwe nu mucanga wo hagati muri ⑤2 bifite amazi meza kandi byoroshye, umubyimba munini, ndetse ukwirakwizwa, hamwe n’amazi meza.Nibiciriritse kugeza bikomeye amazi-yinjira.Isahani yo hejuru yiki gice ni 1,9 ~ 15.5m zubujyakuzimu (ubutumburuke ni 6.96m ~ -8,25m), naho isahani yo hepfo ni 7.7 ~ 21.6m (uburebure ni 1.00m ~ -14.54m).Amazi yo mu bwoko bwa phreatic arabyimbye kandi aringaniye, aringirakamaro cyane kuri uyu mushinga.Ubwubatsi bufite ingaruka nini.Urwego rwamazi yubutaka rugabanuka buhoro buhoro kuva iburasirazuba ugana iburengerazuba, hamwe nigihe gihindagurika cya 2.0 ~ 4.0m.Urwego ruhamye rwamazi yo kwibira ni 3.1 ~ 16.3m zubujyakuzimu (uburebure bwa 3.6 ~ -8.8m).Bitewe no kwinjira mu mazi yo hejuru ava mu ruzi rwa Baigou Diversion, amazi yo hejuru yishyuza amazi yo mu butaka.Urwego rw'amazi yo mu butaka ni rwo hejuru ku mugezi wa Baigou Diversion no hafi yawo DK116 + 000 ~ Xiongbao DK117 + 600.
(3) Amazi afite ingufu
Umuyoboro wa Xiongan (Igice cya 1): Ukurikije ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi, amazi atwara umuvuduko agabanijwemo ibice bine.
Igice cya mbere cyamazi afunze kigizwe na ⑦1 umucanga mwiza wa silty, sand2 umucanga wo hagati, kandi ukwirakwizwa mugace ka 51.Hashingiwe ku gukwirakwiza ibiranga amazi mu gice cyo munsi yumushinga, amazi afunzwe muri iki cyiciro abarirwa ku mwanya wa 1 w’amazi afunzwe.
Amazi ya kabiri afunzwe agizwe na ⑧4 umucanga mwiza wa silty, sand5 umucanga wo hagati, kandi ukwirakwizwa mugace ka 21.Amazi afunzwe muriki gice akwirakwizwa cyane muri Xiongbao DK122 + 720 ~ Xiongbao DK123 + 360 na Xiongbao DK123 + 980 ~ Xiongbao DK127 + 360.Kubera ko umurongo wa 8 wumucanga muri iki gice ukomeje gukwirakwizwa kandi uhamye, umurongo wa 84 wumucanga muriki gice wagabanijwe neza.Umucanga, sand5 umucanga wo hagati, na ⑧21 ibumba ryibumba ryibumba ryigabanyijemo ibice bitandukanye mumazi ya kabiri afunzwe.Ukurikije gukwirakwiza ibiranga amazi mu gice cyo munsi yumushinga, amazi afunzwe muriki gice abarwa nkumwanya wa 2 ufunzwe.
Igice cya gatatu cy’amazi afunzwe agizwe ahanini n’umusenyi mwiza wa sil1, umucanga wo hagati ⑨2, umucanga mwiza ⑩4, n’umusenyi wo hagati ⑩5, ukwirakwizwa mu gace ka ⑨51.⑨52 na (1021.⑩22. ubwubatsi bwo mu mazi Ibiranga, iki gice cyamazi afunze kibarwa nka No ③ amazi afunzwe.
Igice cya kane cyamazi afunzwe agizwe ahanini na ①3 umucanga mwiza wa silty, sand4 umucanga wo hagati, sand1 umucanga mwiza wa silty, sand2 umucanga wo hagati, sand3 umucanga mwiza wa silty, na sand4 umucanga wo hagati, ukwirakwizwa muri ①21.①22.⑫51.⑫52 .⑬21.⑬22 Mubutaka bwifu.Hashingiwe ku gukwirakwiza ibiranga amazi mu gice cyo munsi yumushinga, amazi afunzwe muri iki cyiciro abarirwa kuri nimero ya 4 ifunze.
Umuyoboro wa Xiongan (Igice cya 1): Uburebure bw’amazi buhamye bw’amazi afunzwe muri Xiongbao DK117 + 200 ~ Xiongbao DK118 + 300 ni 0m;ubutumburuke bw’amazi afunze muri Xiongbao DK118 + 300 ~ Xiongbao DK119 + 500 ni -2m; Uburebure bw’amazi buhamye bw’igice cy’amazi kotswa igitutu kuva Xiongbao DK119 + 500 kugeza Xiongbao DK123 + 050 ni -4m.
4. Ikigeragezo cyurukuta
Amazi yo guhagarika amazi maremare yumushinga aragenzurwa ukurikije metero 300.Imiterere yumwenda uhagarika amazi ni nkumwenda uhagarika amazi kumpande zombi zurwobo rwegeranye.Ahantu ho kubaka hafite impande nyinshi nibice buhoro buhoro, bigatuma kubaka bitoroshye.Ni ubwambere kandi uburyo bwo kubaka TRD bwakoreshejwe ku bunini bunini mu majyaruguru.Gusaba akarere kugirango hagenzurwe ubushobozi bwubwubatsi bwuburyo bwa TRD bwubwubatsi nibikoresho mubihe byimiterere, ubwiza bwurukuta rwuburinganire buringaniye bwa sima nubutaka buvanze, sima ivanga uburinganire, imbaraga nibikorwa byo guhagarika amazi, nibindi, kunoza ibice bitandukanye byubwubatsi, kandi wubake kumugaragaro Kora ikizamini cyikigereranyo mbere.
Ikigeragezo cyo gushushanya urukuta:
Uburebure bw'urukuta ni 800mm, ubujyakuzimu ni 29m, n'uburebure bw'indege ntiburi munsi ya 22m;
Gutandukana kw'urukuta ntibishobora kurenza 1/300, gutandukana k'urukuta ntibishobora kurenza + 20mm ~ -50mm (gutandukana mu rwobo ni byiza), gutandukana k'urukuta ntikurenze 50mm, urukuta umubyimba ntushobora kuba munsi yuburebure bwurukuta rwabugenewe, kandi gutandukana bigomba kugenzurwa hagati ya 0 ~ -20mm (kugenzura ingano yo gutandukanya agasanduku kaciwe umutwe);
Agaciro gasanzwe kimbaraga zogusunika zidasobanutse zubutaka bwa sima-ivanga urukuta rwuburinganire buringaniye nyuma yiminsi 28 yo gucukura intoki ntiruri munsi ya 0.8MPa, kandi coefficente yurukuta ntigomba kurenza 10-7cm / sek;
Igikorwa cyo kubaka:
Uburinganire buringaniye bwa sima nubutaka buvanga urukuta rufite intambwe eshatu zubaka urukuta (ni ukuvuga gucukura mbere, gucukura umwiherero, no kuvanga urukuta).
Ubunini bwurukuta rwurukuta rwikigereranyo ni 800mm naho ubujyakuzimu ntarengwa ni 29m.Yubatswe ikoresheje imashini yuburyo bwubaka TRD-70E.Mugihe cyo kugerageza urukuta, imikorere yibikoresho yari isanzwe, kandi impuzandengo yo gutera imbere kurukuta yari 2.4m / h.
Ibisubizo by'ibizamini:
Ibisabwa byo kwipimisha kurukuta rwikigereranyo: Kubera ko urukuta rwikigereranyo ari rwimbitse cyane, ikizamini cyo guhagarika imbaraga zipima imbaraga, ikizamini cyibanze cyikigereranyo hamwe nikizamini cya permeability bigomba gukorwa vuba nyuma yurukuta rwa sima nubutaka buvanze nuburinganire buringaniye.
Ikizamini cyo guhagarika ikizamini:
Igeragezwa ryimbaraga zidasobanutse zakozwe kuburugero rwibanze rwa sima-butaka ivanga inkuta zubunini bungana mugihe cyiminsi 28 niminsi 45 yo gukira.Ibisubizo ni ibi bikurikira:
Dukurikije imibare yipimishije, imbaraga zogusenyera zidafite imbaraga za sima-butaka ivanga urukuta rwintangarugero yuburinganire buringaniye burenze 0.8MPa, bujuje ibyashizweho;
Ikizamini cyo kwinjira:
Kora ibizamini bya coefficient de santé ku ngero zifatizo za sima-itaka ivanga inkuta zubunini bungana mugihe cyiminsi 28 niminsi 45 yo gukira.Ibisubizo ni ibi bikurikira:
Ukurikije imibare yikizamini, ibisubizo bya coeffisente ya permeability iri hagati ya 5.2 × 10-8-9.6 × 10-8cm / sek, yujuje ibyashizweho;
Ikizamini cya sima cyubutaka bugabanya imbaraga:
Ikizamini cyiminsi 28 yigihe gito cyo gukomeretsa cyakorewe kurukuta rwikizamini.Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byari hagati ya 1.2MPa-1.6MPa, byujuje ibisabwa;
Ikizamini cyiminsi 45 yigihe gito cyakorewe ikizamini cyurukuta rwikizamini.Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byari hagati ya 1.2MPa-1.6MPa, byujuje ibisabwa.
5. Ibipimo byubwubatsi ningamba za tekiniki
1. Ibipimo byubwubatsi
(1) Ubujyakuzimu bwuburyo bwububiko bwa TRD ni 26m ~ 44m, naho uburebure bwurukuta ni 800mm.
.Mugihe cyubwubatsi, igipimo cyamazi-sima yamazi yo gucukura arashobora guhindurwa ukurikije ibisabwa nibikorwa biranga.
(3) Amazi yo gucukura amazi avanze ibyondo agomba kugenzurwa hagati ya 150mm na 280mm.
.Mu ntambwe yo gucukura umwiherero, amazi yo gucukura yatewe inshinge ukurikije amazi y’ibyondo bivanze.
.Umubare w'amazi-sima ugomba kugenzurwa byibuze utagabanije sima.;Mugihe cyubwubatsi, buri kg 1500 yamazi na 1000 kg ya sima bivangwa mubitaka.Amazi akiza akoreshwa murwego rwo kuvanga urukuta nintambwe yo gutema agasanduku.
2. Ingingo z'ingenzi zo kugenzura tekinike
.koresha ibikoresho byo gupima kugirango ushireho, kandi mugihe kimwe utegure kurinda ikirundo kandi umenyeshe ibice bijyanye Kora isubiramo insinga.
(2) Mbere yo kubaka, koresha urwego rwo gupima ubutumburuke bwikibanza, kandi ukoreshe moteri kugirango uringanize ikibanza;geologiya mbi nimbogamizi zubutaka bigira ingaruka kumiterere yurukuta rwakozwe nuburyo bwubwubatsi bwa TRD bigomba gukemurwa mbere yo gukomeza inzira yo kubaka TRD kubaka amazi yo guhagarika umwenda;icyarimwe, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zikwiye Kongera ibirimo sima.
.Mbere yo kubaka, ukurikije uburemere bwibikoresho byuburyo bwubaka bwa TRD, ingamba zo gushimangira nko gushyira ibyapa byicyuma zigomba gukorerwa ahazubakwa.Gushyira ibyapa byibyuma ntibigomba kuba munsi ya 2 Ibice byashyizwe hamwe kandi bigerekeranye nicyerekezo cyumwobo kugirango harebwe niba ahazubakwa hujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango ubushobozi bwibikoresho byububiko bukorwe;kugirango urebe neza vertical ya pile shoferi no gukata agasanduku.
.Ubutaka bw'ifatizo buvanze rwose, busunikwa kurekura, hanyuma bugakomera kandi buvangwa mu rukuta.
.Mbere yubwubatsi, igikoresho cyo gupima kigomba gukoreshwa mugukora ibizamini bya axis kugirango hamenyekane neza ko umushoferi wa TRD ikirundo ahagaze neza kandi gutandukana guhagaritse kumurongo wikirindiro cyikinyabiziga bigomba kugenzurwa.Munsi ya 1/300.
.
.mugihe wizeye neza ko uhagaritse neza, genzura umubare watewe inshinge zamazi yo gucukura kugeza byibuze kugirango icyondo kivanze kiri mumitekerereze myinshi kandi ifite ubukonje bwinshi.murwego rwo guhangana nimpinduka zikomeye stratigraphic.
.Uhagaritse kurukuta ntugomba kurenza 1/300.
(9) Nyuma yo kwishyiriraho inclinometero, komeza wubake urukuta rwa sima-ivanga urukuta rwubunini bungana.Urukuta rwakozwe kumunsi umwe rugomba guhisha urukuta rwakozwe na munsi ya 30cm ~ 50cm;igice cyuzuzanya kigomba kwemeza ko gukata agasanduku gahagaritse kandi ntigoramye.Koresha buhoro buhoro mugihe cyo kubaka kugirango uvange neza kandi ukangure amazi akiza hamwe nicyondo kivanze kugirango urebe neza.ubuziranenge.Igishushanyo mbonera cyubwubatsi bwuzuye nuburyo bukurikira:
.Umucumbitsi wa TRD akoreshwa afatanije na crawler crane kugirango akuremo agasanduku gakata mukurikirane.Igihe kigomba kugenzurwa mumasaha 4.Mugihe kimwe, ingano ingana yicyondo kivanze yatewe munsi yagasanduku.
.Imikorere ikora ya pompe ya grouting igomba guhinduka ukurikije umuvuduko wo gukuramo agasanduku.
(13) Gushimangira kubungabunga ibikoresho.Buri shift izibanda kugenzura sisitemu yimbaraga, urunigi, nibikoresho byo guca.Mugihe kimwe, imashini itanga imashini izashyirwaho.Iyo imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi idasanzwe, itangwa rya pulp, guhagarika umwuka, hamwe nibikorwa bisanzwe byo kuvanga birashobora gusubukurwa mugihe gikwiye mugihe habaye umuriro w'amashanyarazi., kwirinda gutinda bitera impanuka zo gucukura.
(14) Shimangira kugenzura ibikorwa byubwubatsi bwa TRD no kugenzura ubuziranenge bwinkuta zubatswe.Niba ibibazo byubuziranenge bibonetse, ugomba guhamagara nyirubwite, umugenzuzi nishami rishinzwe igishushanyo mbonera kugirango ingamba zo gukosora zifatwe mugihe gikwiye kugirango wirinde igihombo kidakenewe.
6. Umwanzuro
Amashusho kare yose yumushinga wuburinganire buringaniye bwa sima-ivanga inkuta zingana na metero kare 650.000.Kugeza ubu ni umushinga ufite ubwubatsi bunini bwa TRD nubushakashatsi hagati yimishinga ya gari ya moshi yihuta.Ibikoresho 32 bya TRD byashoramari, muri byo ibicuruzwa bya TRD bya Shanggong Machine bigizwe na 50%.;Ikoreshwa ryinshi ryuburyo bwubwubatsi bwa TRD muri uyu mushinga ryerekana ko iyo uburyo bwo kubaka TRD bukoreshwa nkumwenda uhagarika amazi mumushinga wihuta wa gari ya moshi wihuta, guhagarikwa kwurukuta hamwe nubwiza bwurukuta rwuzuye ni byemewe, hamwe nubushobozi bwibikoresho hamwe nakazi keza birashobora kuzuza ibisabwa.Irerekana kandi ko uburyo bwo kubaka TRD bugira ingaruka nziza Mubisabwa mukarere ka majyaruguru bifite akamaro kanini muburyo bwo kubaka TRD muburyo bwihuse bwubwubatsi bwa gari ya moshi nubwubatsi mukarere ka ruguru.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-12-2023